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This map of the Falkland Islands incorporates several elements of map layout: a title, a scale bar, a legend, and an inset map. This is a compromise between the fluid and compartmentalized approaches to layout order, with the non-map elements sitting "on top" of the main map.
The graph shows the variation of the scale factors for the above three examples. The top plot shows the isotropic Mercator scale function: the scale on the parallel is the same as the scale on the meridian. The other plots show the meridian scale factor for the Equirectangular projection (h=1) and for the Lambert equal area projection.
The graph shows the variation of this scale factor with latitude. Some numerical values are listed below. at latitude 30° the scale factor is k = sec 30° ≈ 1.15, at latitude 45° the scale factor is k = sec 45° ≈ 1.41, at latitude 60° the scale factor is k = sec 60° = 2,
In each zone the scale factor of the central meridian reduces the diameter of the transverse cylinder to produce a secant projection with two standard lines, or lines of true scale, about 180 km on each side of, and about parallel to, the central meridian (Arc cos 0.9996 = 1.62° at the Equator). The scale is less than 1 inside the standard ...
The point scale factor is independent of direction. It is a function of y on the projection. (On the sphere it depends on latitude only.) The scale is true on the equator. • The point scale factor is independent of direction. It is a function of x on the projection. (On the sphere it depends on both latitude and longitude.)
center: map center (corresponds in the map data to both comma-separated values of the scale field) feature: which geographic objects should be displayed (corresponds in the map data to the name of the field under the objects field). The default is value countries.
The scale factors for (,,) are: = + + = + = (+) () Knowing the scale factors, various functions of the coordinates can be calculated by the general method outlined in the orthogonal coordinates article.
The length of the line on the linear scale is equal to the distance represented on the earth multiplied by the map or chart's scale. In most projections , scale varies with latitude , so on small scale maps, covering large areas and a wide range of latitudes, the linear scale must show the scale for the range of latitudes covered by the map.