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A thyroidectomy is an operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. In general surgery, endocrine or head and neck surgeons often perform a thyroidectomy when a patient has thyroid cancer or some other condition of the thyroid gland (such as hyperthyroidism) or goiter. Other indications for surgery include ...
An elimination diet, also known as exclusion diet, is a diagnostic procedure used to identify foods that an individual cannot consume without adverse effects. [1] Adverse effects may be due to food allergy, food intolerance, other physiological mechanisms (such as metabolic or toxins), [2] or a combination of these. Elimination diets typically ...
Side effects of thyroid replacement therapy are associated with "inadequate or excessive doses." [21] Symptoms to watch for include, but are not limited to, anxiety, tremor, weight loss, heat sensitivity, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. More worrisome symptoms include atrial fibrillation and bone density loss. [21]
The effects of calcitonin are opposite those of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced in the parathyroid glands. However, calcitonin seems far less essential than PTH, since calcium metabolism remains clinically normal after removal of the thyroid (thyroidectomy), but not the parathyroid glands. [43]
Side effects of the antithyroid medications include a potentially fatal reduction in the level of white blood cells. Therapy with radioiodine is the most common treatment in the United States, while antithyroid drugs and/or thyroidectomy are used more often in Europe, Japan, and most of the rest of the world.
Blood free thyroxine and TSH levels are monitored to help determine whether the dose is adequate. This is done 4–8 weeks after the start of treatment or a change in levothyroxine dose. Once the adequate replacement dose has been established, the tests can be repeated after 6 and then 12 months, unless there is a change in symptoms. [8]
Beta blockers are often used to reduce the effects of thyroid hormone. [5] Patients often require admission to the intensive care unit. [6] As a life-threatening medical emergency, thyroid storm has a mortality rate of up to 25% despite treatment. [1] [7] Without treatment, the condition is typically fatal, with a mortality rate of 80-100%. [8]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 November 2024. Diets restricting carbohydrate consumption This article is about low-carbohydrate dieting as a lifestyle choice or for weight loss. For information on low-carbohydrate dieting as a therapy for epilepsy, see Ketogenic diet. An example of a low-carbohydrate dish, cooked kale and poached ...