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The kindling hypothesis of depression posits that each period of depression in someone with major depressive disorder (MDD) causes neurological changes that predispose the person to future episodes. While the first episode of depression is often triggered by major life events, future episodes are less likely to be tied to circumstantial factors ...
The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a ten-item [1] diagnostic questionnaire which mental health professionals use to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders.
There are ten questions about depression symptom frequency that the patient rates on a straight 4 point scale according to the following choices: "hardly ever," "much of the time," "most of the time," "all the time," and one question relating to the severity of suicidal ideation. [1] Scores on the test range from 0 to 33.
"The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-11-20 (49.0 KB) Clinically Useful Psychiatric Scales: HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Accessed March 6, 2009. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - Original scientific paper published in 1960 in Psychiatry out of Print website. Accessed June 27, 2008.
The triad forms part of his cognitive theory of depression [4] and the concept is used as part of CBT, particularly in Beck's "Treatment of Negative Automatic Thoughts" (TNAT) approach. The triad involves "automatic, spontaneous and seemingly uncontrollable negative thoughts" about the self, the world or environment, and the future. [5]
According to Beck's publisher, 'When Beck began studying depression in the 1950s, the prevailing psychoanalytic theory attributed the syndrome to inverted hostility against the self.' [3] By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time; by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and then using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or ...
Three alternative therapies emerged over the next 4 years: Lewinsohn's social learning theory, Patterson's anti-depression milieu, and Lazarus' behavioral deprivation. Social learning theory focused on identifying and avoiding behaviors that increased depressive thoughts. Anti-depression milieu encouraged catharsis to overcome depression.
The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was designed by Duke University psychiatrist William W.K. Zung MD (1929–1992) to assess the level of depression for patients diagnosed with depressive disorder. [1] 20–44 Normal Range; 45–59 Mildly Depressed; 60–69 Moderately Depressed; 70 and above Severely Depressed