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Bronchiectasis without CF is known as non-CF bronchiectasis. Historically, about half of all case of non-CF bronchiectasis were found to be idiopathic, or without a known cause. [25] However, more recent studies with a more thorough diagnostic work-up have found an etiology in 60 to 90% of patients. [24] [26] [27]
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.
Ultimately, repeated acute episodes lead to wider-scale damage of pulmonary structures and function via irreversible lung remodelling. Left untreated, this manifests as progressive bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis that is often seen in the upper lobes , and can give rise to a similar radiological appearance to that produced by tuberculosis .
Regardless of cause, UIP is relentlessly progressive, usually leading to respiratory failure and death without a lung transplant. [citation needed] Some patients do well for a prolonged period of time, but then deteriorate rapidly because of a superimposed acute illness (so-called "accelerated UIP"). The outlook for long-term survival is poor.
[9] [12] Beta2 agonists are sometimes used to relieve the cough associated with acute bronchitis. In a recent systematic review it was found there was no evidence to support their use. [7] Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are frequently due to non-infective causes along with viral ones.
Reticular opacities, often associated with traction bronchiectasis; Honeycombing manifested as cluster cystic airspaces, typically of comparable diameters (3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in)) but occasionally large. Usually sub-pleural and characterized by well-defined walls and disposed in at least two lines.
461.9 Sinusitis, acute, NOS; 462 Pharyngitis, acute; 463 Tonsillitis, acute; 464 Acute laryngitis and tracheitis. 464.0 Laryngitis, acute, no obstruction; 464.3 Epiglottitis, acute; 464.4 Croup; 465 Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple or unspecified sites 465.9 Upper respiratory infection, acute, NOS; 466 Acute bronchitis and ...
Depending on whether the cause is acute or chronic determines how fast pulmonary edema develops and the severity of symptoms. [12] Some of the common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema include: Acute exacerbation of congestive heart failure which is due to the heart's inability to pump the blood out of the pulmonary circulation at a ...