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P-wave changes in left and right atrial hypertrophy. Bifid P waves (known as P mitrale) indicate left-atrial abnormality - e.g. dilatation [6] or hypertrophy. [1] If at least three different shaped P waves can be seen in a given ECG lead tracing, this implies that even if one of them arises from the SA node, at least two others are arising ...
The most obvious abnormal finding will be abnormal P waves. One of three options can occur: [12] 1. There are no P waves. This is because of either failure of retrograde flow to the atria or the P wave is hidden in the QRS. If the P wave is hidden that implies the atria depolarize at the same time as the ventricles. 2.
The P wave is typically upright in most leads except for aVR; an unusual P wave axis (inverted in other leads) can indicate an ectopic atrial pacemaker. If the P wave is of unusually long duration, it may represent atrial enlargement. Typically a large right atrium gives a tall, peaked P wave while a large left atrium gives a two-humped bifid P ...
Right Atrial Enlargement (RAE) increases the p wave, representing atrial depolarization, on an ECG to an amplitude > 2.5mm in lead II, an abnormality referred to as p-pulmonale, likely due to weakened right atrial myocardium close to the Sinoatrial (SA) node.
LAE is suggested by an electrocardiogram (ECG) that has a pronounced notch in the P wave. [7] However, if atrial fibrillation is present, a P wave would not be present. [ 8 ] In any case, LAE can be diagnosed and measured using an echocardiogram (ECHO) by measuring the left atrial volume (LAVI).
In humans, for an ECG to be described as showing a sinus rhythm, the shape of the P wave in each of the 12 standard ECG leads should be consistent with a "typical P vector" of +50° to +80°. [2] This means that the P wave should be: always positive in lead I, lead II, and aVF; always negative in lead aVR
Multifocal atrial tachycardia is characterized by an electrocardiogram (ECG) strip with three or more discrete P wave morphologies in the same lead, not including that originating from the sinoatrial node, plus tachycardia, which is a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute (although some suggest using a threshold of 90 beats per minute ...
electrocardiogram Sinus bradycardia is a sinus rhythm with a reduced rate of electrical discharge from the sinoatrial node , resulting in a bradycardia , a heart rate that is lower than the normal range (60–100 beats per minute for adult humans).