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Rodinia formed at c. 1.23 Ga by accretion and collision of fragments produced by breakup of an older supercontinent, Columbia, assembled by global-scale 2.0–1.8 Ga collisional events. [7] Rodinia broke up in the Neoproterozoic, with its continental fragments reassembled to form Pannotia 633–573 Ma.
Following the "Missing-link" hypothesis, the South China Block was placed in the interior of Rodinia. [33] During the Rodinia break-up, the South China Block drifted northward in the middle Neoproterozoic. [49] Subsequently, it collided with the northwest India Craton in the Gondwana margin by the Cambrian. [49]
The supercontinent of Columbia broke up between 1500 and 1350 million years ago, [5] and the fragments reassembled into the supercontinent of Rodinia around 1100 to 900 million years ago, on the time boundary between the Mesoproterozoic and the subsequent Neoproterozoic. [7]
The continental crust stretched as Rodinia broke up Cryogenian: c. 720 Ma: Gk. cryogenicos: cold-making: In this period all the Earth froze over Ediacaran: c. 635 Ma: Ediacara Hills: stony ground: place in Australia where the Ediacaran biota fossils were found Cambrian: c. 538.8 Ma: Latin Cambria: Wales
Rodinia lasted for 250 mya and then began to come apart between 850 and 800 mya. The continent began to break part at a single point but then fractured and ripped open in three different directions. Two of the three rifts that were created were successful and the third failed.
A supercontinent cycle is the break-up of one supercontinent and the development of another, which takes place on a global scale. [4] Supercontinent cycles are not the same as the Wilson cycle, which is the opening and closing of an individual oceanic basin. The Wilson cycle rarely synchronizes with the timing of a supercontinent cycle. [1]
[26] [27] Columbia/Nuna broke up, and the next supercontinent, Rodinia, formed from the accretion and assembly of its fragments. Rodinia lasted from about 1.3 billion years ago until about 750 million years ago, but its configuration and geodynamic history are not nearly as well understood as those of the later supercontinents, Pannotia and ...
[133]: 370 [134] Rodinia may have been preceded by Early-Middle Proterozoic continents called Nuna and Columbia. [133]: 374 [135] [136] After the break-up of Rodinia about 800 Ma, the continents may have formed another short-lived supercontinent around 550 Ma. The hypothetical supercontinent is sometimes referred to as Pannotia or Vendia.