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Process safety is an interdisciplinary engineering domain focusing on the study, prevention, and management of large-scale fires, explosions and chemical accidents (such as toxic gas clouds) in process plants or other facilities dealing with hazardous materials, such as refineries and oil and gas (onshore and offshore) production installations.
Hazard statements form part of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). They are intended to form a set of standardized phrases about the hazards of chemical substances and mixtures that can be translated into different languages.
The industry producing these gases is also known as industrial gas, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of equipment and technology to produce and use the gases. [1] Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as "specialty chemicals").
LNG for use as a fuel, as seen on this LNG bunkering vessel is regulated by the Code. The IGF Code provides industry standards for ships that use fuels with a flashpoint of less than 60°C. The IGF Code seeks to regulate the safety changes from the carriage and use of gas fuel, in particular liquefied natural gas and other low-flashpoint fuels.
Because an inert purge gas is used, the purge procedure may (erroneously) be referred to as inerting in everyday language. This confusion may lead to dangerous situations. Carbon dioxide is a safe inert gas for purging. Carbon dioxide is an unsafe inert gas for inerting, as it may ignite the vapors and result in an explosion. [2]
[3] [5] This is because Class B fires typically have a fuel with a lower density than water (causing it to rise) and the burning fluid is hotter than the boiling point of water (212 °F or 100 °C). The resulting sudden rising of a column of flames together with droplets of boiling fuel and water is generally known as a slopover.
Natural gasoline is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture condensed from natural gas, similar to common gasoline (petrol) derived from petroleum. The chemical composition of natural gasoline is mostly five- and six-carbon alkanes ( pentanes and hexanes ) with smaller amounts of alkanes with longer chains. [ 1 ]
Protection through the use of safety layers. A process plant shutdown system is a functional safety countermeasure crucial in any hazardous process plant such as oil and gas production plants and oil refineries. The concept also applies to non-process facilities such as nuclear plants. These systems are used to protect people, assets, and the ...