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Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease ) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).
Ptosis, also known as blepharoptosis, [1] is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid.This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to the condition amblyopia.
(H02.1) Ectropion (H02.2) Lagophthalmos (H02.3) Blepharochalasis (H02.4) Ptosis (H02.5) Stye, an acne type infection of the sebaceous glands on or near the eyelid. (H02.6) Xanthelasma of eyelid
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit.It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa–Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment.
Stellwag's sign is a sign of infrequent or incomplete blinking associated with exophthalmos or Graves orbitopathy. It is accompanied by Dalrymple's sign, which is a retraction of the upper eyelids resulting in an apparent widening of the palpebral opening. Stellwag's sign is named after Austrian ophthalmologist Karl Stellwag von Carion.
In medical literature, Anglo-Irish surgeon Robert James Graves, in 1835, was the first to describe the association of a thyroid goitre with exophthalmos (proptosis) of the eye. [29] Graves' ophthalmopathy may occur before, with, or after the onset of overt thyroid disease and usually has a slow onset over many months. [citation needed]
Exophthalmus was named for the first time by Carl Johan Schönherr in 1823 (column 1140). [4] It belongs in the tribe Eustylini. [1]In revising the Jamaican species, Vaurie offers an overview to the genus and its taxonomic conflicts. [5]
Optic nerve gliomas have low mortality but extremely high prevalence of vision loss and eye-bulging exophthalmos) in children. [4] As of 2014, approximately 1000 cases had been reported. [ 4 ]