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2. Choked flow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choked_flow

   where is the heat capacity ratio / of the gas and where is the total (stagnation) upstream pressure. For air with a heat capacity ratio =, then =; other gases have in the range 1.09 (e.g. butane) to 1.67 (monatomic gases), so the critical pressure ratio varies in the range < / <, which means that, depending on the gas, choked flow usually ...

3. K-factor (fire protection) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-factor_(fire_protection)

   In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.

4. Isentropic nozzle flow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_Nozzle_Flow

   Figure 2: The pressure variation in the nozzle. It is interesting that the exit pressure p e is able to be greater than the receiver pressure p r. Nature allows this by providing the streamlines of a gas the ability to make a sudden change of direction at the exit and expand to a much greater area resulting in a reduction of the pressure from p ...

5. Stodola's cone law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stodola's_cone_law

   For a given outlet pressure , flow rates change depending on the inlet pressure as an arc of hyperbola in a plane parallel to ˙. Usually, Stodola's cone does not represent absolute flow rates and pressures, but rather maximum flow rates and pressures, with the maximum values of the diagram having in this case the value of 1.

6. de Laval nozzle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzle

   As an example calculation using the above equation, assume that the propellant combustion gases are: at an absolute pressure entering the nozzle p = 7.0 MPa and exit the rocket exhaust at an absolute pressure p e = 0.1 MPa; at an absolute temperature of T = 3500 K; with an isentropic expansion factor γ = 1.22 and a molar mass M = 22 kg

7. Nozzle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle

   Increasing the nozzle pressure ratio further will not increase the throat Mach number above one. Downstream (i.e. external to the nozzle) the flow is free to expand to supersonic velocities; however, Mach 1 can be a very high speed for a hot gas because the speed of sound varies as the square root of absolute temperature.

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   mail.aol.com

   Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

9. Propelling nozzle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propelling_nozzle

   Convergent nozzles are used on many jet engines. If the nozzle pressure ratio is above the critical value (about 1.8:1) a convergent nozzle will choke, resulting in some of the expansion to atmospheric pressure taking place downstream of the throat (i.e., smallest flow area), in the jet wake. Although jet momentum still produces much of the ...