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Causes of epiphora are any that cause either overproduction of tears or decreased drainage of tears, resulting in tearing onto the cheek. [2] This can be due to ocular irritation and inflammation (including trichiasis and entropion) or an obstructed tear outflow tract, which is divided according to its anatomical location (i.e., ectropion, punctal, canalicular or nasolacrimal duct obstruction).
Involutional stenosis is probably the most common cause of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older people. It affects women twice as frequently as men. Although the inciting event in this process is unknown, clinicopathologic study suggests that compression of the lumen of the nasolacrimal duct is caused by inflammatory infiltrates and edema.
The term derives from Greek dákryon 'tear' cysta 'sac' and -itis 'inflammation'. [2] It causes pain, redness , and swelling over the inner aspect of the lower eyelid and epiphora . When nasolacrimal duct obstruction is secondary to a congenital barrier it is referred to as dacryocystocele .
The resulting loose, excess conjunctiva may mechanically irritate the eye and disrupt the tear film and its outflow, leading to dry eye and excess tearing. [2] A correlation may also exist between inflammation in the eye and conjunctivochalasis, though it is unclear whether this correlation is causal.
This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, or ICD-10. This list uses that classification.
DSG allows quantification of tear turnover and drainage. [4] Various quantification models have been developed, which must account for the variable drainage of asymptomatic systems. [ 5 ] Some drugs administered to the eye via eye drops , such as beta blockers for glaucoma , can be hazardous if quickly drained and absorbed through the ...
Excess tears are drained via the punctum through the tiny channels called canaliculi located on the inner side of the eyes into the tear sac, from there to the tear duct, the nose and finally down the throat. [citation needed] Epiphora, or watering eyes, is a condition in which tears flow out of the eyes, bypassing the lacrimal puncta.
Thelaziasis is the term for infestation with parasitic nematodes of the genus Thelazia.The adults of all Thelazia species discovered so far inhabit the eyes and associated tissues (such as eyelids, tear ducts, etc.) of various mammal and bird hosts, including humans. [2]