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The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, [ 1] abbreviated in English as CEFR, CEF, or CEFRL, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, increasingly, in other countries. The CEFR is also intended to make it easier for educational institutions ...
The Association of Language Testers in Europe ( ALTE) is an association of language exam providers in Europe . The ALTE "Can Do" project developed a simplified set of 400+ descriptors for language examinations which relate to the Common Reference Levels. These descriptors are in the form of "can-do statements", each saying more simply what a ...
The Leibniz Institute for the German Language ( IDS; German: Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache) in Mannheim, Germany, is a linguistic and social research institute and a member of the Leibniz Association. [ 1] Under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Henning Lobin, director of the institute, and Prof. Dr. Arnulf Deppermann, vice director of the ...
Cambridge English: Young Learners, also known as Young Learners English Tests ( YLE ), is a suite of English language tests specially designed for children in primary and lower-secondary school. The tests are provided by Cambridge English Language Assessment (previously known as University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations).
Learning a foreign language is compulsory throughout Germany in secondary schools and English is one of the more popular choices. Students at certain Gymnasium are required to learn Latin as their first foreign language and choose a second foreign language. The list of available foreign languages as well as the hours of compulsory foreign ...
English classes in Moscow in 1964. English as a second or foreign language refers to the use of English by individuals whose native language is different, commonly among students learning to speak and write English. Variably known as English as a foreign language (EFL), English as a second language (ESL), English for speakers of other languages ...
Bundt cake (from Bundkuchen; in German: a Gug (e)lhupf )—a ring cake. Delicatessen (German spelling: Delikatessen )—a speciality food retailer; fine foods. Dunkel (also Dunkles)—a dark beer. Emmentaler (also Emmental)—a yellow, medium-hard Swiss cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, Canton Bern.
ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages. [ 1] Each language is assigned a two-letter (set 1) and three-letter lowercase abbreviation (sets 2–5). [ 2] Part 1 of the standard, ISO 639-1 defines the two-letter codes, and Part 3 (2007), ISO 639-3, defines the three-letter codes, aiming to cover all known natural ...