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The Akali movement was started in 1920 by the Central Sikh League's political wing, the Akali Dal, which was founded in Amritsar in December 1920 and assisted the SGPC. [ 7 ] [ 6 ] The term Akali derives from the word Akal ("timeless" or "immortal") used in the Sikh scriptures.
The Akali Dal considers itself the principal representative of Sikhs. Sardar Sarmukh Singh Chubbal was the first president of a unified proper Akali Dal, but it became popular under Master Tara Singh. [25] Akali movement influenced 30 new Punjabi newspapers launched between 1920 and 1925. [26]
The Khalistan movement would be brutally suppressed by the central Indian state leading to mass human rights violations including extrajudicial executions, torture, and mass detention. [16] On 1 May 1994, the Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) would split from the traditional Shiromani Akali Dal. [16]
The Shiromani Akali Dal (1920) [3] is a political party in India led by former Speaker of Punjab Vidhan Sabha, Ravi Inder Singh. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It was formed under the twin leadership of Master Tara Singh and Sardar Kharak Singh.
The Khalistan movement is an independence movement seeking to create a separate homeland for Sikhs by establishing a Punjabi ... Akali Dal; All India Shiromani Akali Dal;
Following the 1947 independence of India, the Punjabi Suba movement, led by the Akali Dal, sought the creation of a province for Punjabi people. The Akali Dal's maximal position of demands was a sovereign state (i.e. Khalistan), while its minimal position was to have an autonomous state within India. [39]
Sunder Singh Lyallpuri (1878 – 3 March 1969) was a leading Sikh member of the Indian independence movement, a general of the Akali Movement, an educationist, and a journalist. Lyallpuri played a key role in the development of the Shiromani Akali Dal, and in the Gurdwara Reform Movement of the early 1920s.
The Babbar Akali movement was a 1921 splinter group of "militant" Sikhs who broke away from the mainstream Akali movement over the latter's insistence on non-violence over the matter of the restoration of Khalsa Raj (Sikh rule) in Punjab as under the prior Sikh Empire [9] as well as gurdwara reforms in restoring pre-colonial gurdwara environments.