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Few compounds of californium have been made and studied. [1] The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. [2] The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). [3]
Californium is only water-soluble as the californium(III) cation. Attempts to reduce or oxidize the +3 ion in solution have failed. [ 21 ] The element forms a water-soluble chloride , nitrate , perchlorate , and sulfate and is precipitated as a fluoride , oxalate , or hydroxide . [ 20 ]
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Californium oxychloride (Cf OCl) is a radioactive salt first discovered in measurable quantities in 1960. It is composed of a single californium cation and oxychloride consisting of one chloride and one oxide anion. It was the first californium compound ever isolated. [1]
Californium (98 Cf) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was 245 Cf in 1950. There are 20 known radioisotopes ranging from 237 Cf to 256 Cf and one nuclear isomer, 249m Cf.
Californium(III) oxide forms a yellow-green solid with a melting point of 1750 °C and exists in three modifications. [2] The body-centered cubic modification forms a crystal lattice with a = 1083.9 ± 0.4 pm. The transition temperature between body-centered cubic and monoclinic structures is about 1400 °C. [3] [4] It is insoluble in water. [5]
Ⓒ Cation-only elements are shown as being limited to sixteen elements: all those in group 1, and the heavier actinides. Ⓓ Rare earth metals are the group 3 metals scandium, yttrium, lutetium and the lanthanides; scandium is the only such metal shown as being capable of forming an oxyanion.
Californication is an American comedy-drama television series, created by Tom Kapinos that originally aired for seven seasons and 84 episodes on Showtime from August 13, 2007, to June 29, 2014.