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Nina Jankowicz (born 1988 or 1989 [1]) is an American researcher and writer.She is the author of How to Lose the Information War (2020), on Russian use of disinformation as geopolitical strategy, and How to Be a Woman Online (2022), a handbook for fighting against online harassment of women.
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact" [23] According to a 2023 ...
Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire.Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
Disinformation might consist of information that is partially or completely fabricated, taken out of context on purpose, exaggerated, or omits crucial details. [22] Disinformation can appear in any medium including text, audio, and imagery. [ 22 ]
Disinformation strikes at the foundation of democratic government: "the idea that the truth is knowable and that citizens can discern and use it to govern themselves." [76] Disinformation campaigns are designed by both foreign and domestic actors to gain political and economic advantage. The undermining of functional government weakens the rule ...
Malinformation is a controversial term for information which is based on fact, but removed from its original context in order to mislead, harm, or manipulate. [1] The term was first coined by Hossein Derakhshan and was used in a co-authored report titled "Information Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making". [2]
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The Disinformation Governance Board (DGB) was an advisory board of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), from April 27, 2022 to August 24, 2022. The board's stated function was to protect national security by disseminating guidance to DHS agencies on combating misinformation, malinformation, and disinformation that threatens the security of the homeland.