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  2. Biological carbon fixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_carbon_fixation

    Soil microbes, particularly bacteria and fungi, play a pivotal role in this process by incorporating decomposed organic carbon into their biomass or by facilitating the formation of stable organic compounds, such as humus and soil organic matter. [35] One key mechanism by which soil microbes sequester carbon is through the process of microbial ...

  3. Soil carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon

    Soil carbon is present in two forms: inorganic and organic. Soil inorganic carbon consists of mineral forms of carbon, either from weathering of parent material, or from reaction of soil minerals with atmospheric CO 2. Carbonate minerals are the dominant form of soil carbon in desert climates. Soil organic carbon is present as soil organic matter.

  4. Microbial loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_loop

    The aquatic microbial loop is a marine trophic pathway which incorporates dissolved organic carbon into the food chain.. The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton.

  5. Biological soil crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust

    Free-living microfungi often function as decomposers, and contribute to soil microbial biomass. Many microfungi in biological soil crusts have adapted to the intense light conditions by evolving the ability to produce melanin, and are called black fungi or black yeasts. Fungal hyphae can bind soil particles together.

  6. Immobilization (soil science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobilization_(soil_science)

    In general plant residues entering the soil have too little nitrogen for the soil microbial population to convert all of the carbon into their cells. If the C:N ratio of the decomposing plant material is above about 30:1 the soil microbial population may take nitrogen in mineral form (e.g. nitrate). This mineral nitrogen is said to be immobilized.

  7. Soil respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_respiration

    Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. Carbon is stored in the soil as organic matter and is respired by plants, bacteria, fungi and animals. When this respiration occurs below ground, it is considered soil respiration. Temperature, soil moisture and nitrogen all regulate ...

  8. Redfield ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redfield_ratio

    It may even be the case that the Redfield Ratio is applicable to terrestrial plants, soils, and soil microbial biomass, which would inform about limiting resources in terrestrial ecosystems. [12] In a study from 2007, soil and microbial biomass were found to have a consistent C:N:P ratios of 186:13:1 and 60:7:1, respectively on average at a ...

  9. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio

    In microbial communities like soil, the C:N ratio is a key indicator as it describes a balance between energetic foods (represented by carbon) and material to build protein with (represented by nitrogen). An optimal C:N ratio of around 24:1 provides for higher microbial activity. [16] [17]