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The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, its own member state, in August 1968 (with the participation of all pact nations except Albania and Romania), [12] which, in part, resulted in Albania withdrawing from the pact less than one month later.
During the Cold War, most of Europe was divided between two alliances. Members of NATO are shown in blue, with members of the Warsaw Pact in red and unaffiliated countries are in grey. Yugoslavia, although communist, had left the Soviet sphere in 1948, and Albania was a Warsaw Pact member-only until 1968.
Three of NATO's members are nuclear weapons states: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. NATO has 12 original founding member states. Three more members joined between 1952 and 1955, and a fourth joined in 1982. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has added 16 more members from 1999 to 2024. [1]
Warsaw Pact – defensive pact led by the Soviet Union for defense in Eastern Europe. It was the military complement to Comecon. Its members were: Soviet Union; People's Republic of Albania [a] People's Republic of Bulgaria; Czechoslovak Republic (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic since 1960)
However the Warsaw Pact had amassed at the Czech border, and invaded overnight (August 20–21). That afternoon, on August 21, the council met to hear the Czechoslovak Ambassador Jan Mužík denounce the invasion. Soviet Ambassador Jacob Malik insisted the Warsaw Pact actions were those of "fraternal assistance" against "antisocial forces". [95]
Romania opposed the use of its territory by foreign forces, [28] and with Bulgaria was one of the two Warsaw Pact members not to allow the stationing of foreign troops on its soil, Soviet or otherwise. [29] [30] Although Romania did participate in joint Warsaw Pact air and naval exercises, it did not allow such exercises on its own territory. [31]
Member of: Warsaw Pact Ministry of Defense: Seat: Moscow, Soviet Union: Formation: 14 May 1955; 69 years ago () First holder: Ivan Konev: Final holder: Pyotr Lushev: Abolished: 1 July 1991; 33 years ago () Deputy: Chief of Combined Staff
The Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (Russian: Начальник Объединенного штаба Объединенных вооруженных сил стран-участниц Варшавского договора) was a post in command of Combined Staff of the military forces of the Warsaw Pact.