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The majority of outlaws in the Old West preyed on banks, trains, and stagecoaches. Some crimes were carried out by Mexicans and Native Americans against white citizens who were targets of opportunity along the U.S.–Mexico border, particularly in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California.
A Texas bank robber and car thief, he was later sent to Alcatraz, where he attempted to escape from the island in 1938. [9] Charles Makley: 1889–1934 [2] [10] Ben Golden McCollum: No image available: 1909–1963 McCollum was an outlaw in Oklahoma during the 1920s, who was nicknamed the "Shiek of Boynton".
The most notable shootouts took place on the American frontier in Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Some like the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral were the outcome of long-simmering feuds and rivalries, but most were the result of a confrontation between outlaws and law enforcement. Some of the more notable gangs:
[81] [82] As with most larger communities in Texas, gambling and prostitution were common. By early 1900s local criminal gangs ran gambling and other illegal enterprises. With the advent of Prohibition in 1920, Galveston quickly became one of the major U.S. ports of entry for illegal liquor supplying cities in Texas and the Midwest.
In the late 19th century, West Texas was infested with outlaws, especially near the Rio Grande and the international border with Mexico. The center for criminal activity in the area around El Paso was a place known as Pirate Island, a 15,000-acre ait near the present-day town of Fabens that was created when the Rio Grande shifted its course.
There, Clements and his brothers were active in the cattle herding (or, by most accounts, cattle rustling) business, working in close alliance with the Taylor family. [ 7 ] On May 15, 1873, Sutton family allies—Capt. James W. Cox [ 10 ] and Jake Christman, were gunned down by the Taylor faction at Tumlinson Creek.
This period was referred to as the Hora de Sangre by Mexicans in South Texas, many of whom fled to Mexico to escape the violence. Estimates for the number of Mexican Americans killed in the violence in Texas during the 1910s, ranges from 300 to 5,000 killed. [9] [10] At least 100 Mexican Americans were lynched in the 1910s, many in Texas.
The Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District contains three Spanish shipwrecks caused by a 1554 storm off the southern Texas Gulf Coast near the Mansfield Cut. While the exact location of the site is unpublished, the three shipwrecks were found near the Padre Island National Seashore.