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In geometry, a hypersurface is a generalization of the concepts of hyperplane, plane curve, and surface. A hypersurface is a manifold or an algebraic variety of dimension n − 1, which is embedded in an ambient space of dimension n, generally a Euclidean space, an affine space or a projective space. [1]
Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python (DEAP) is an evolutionary computation framework for rapid prototyping and testing of ideas. [2] [3] [4] It incorporates the data structures and tools required to implement most common evolutionary computation techniques such as genetic algorithm, genetic programming, evolution strategies, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, traffic ...
Rosetta Code is a wiki-based programming chrestomathy website with implementations of common algorithms and solutions to various programming problems in many different programming languages. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is named for the Rosetta Stone , which has the same text inscribed on it in three languages, and thus allowed Egyptian hieroglyphs to be ...
Written in C++ and published under an MIT license, HiGHS provides programming interfaces to C, Python, Julia, Rust, JavaScript, Fortran, and C#. It has no external dependencies. A convenient thin wrapper to Python is available via the highspy PyPI package. Although generally single-threaded, some solver components can utilize multi-core ...
The Euclidean algorithm was probably invented before Euclid, depicted here holding a compass in a painting of about 1474. The Euclidean algorithm is one of the oldest algorithms in common use. [27] It appears in Euclid's Elements (c. 300 BC), specifically in Book 7 (Propositions 1–2) and Book 10 (Propositions 2–3). In Book 7, the algorithm ...
Subsequently, the smallest-circle problem was included in a general class of LP-type problems that can be solved by algorithms like Welzl's based on linear programming. As a consequence of membership in this class, it was shown that the dependence on the dimension of the constant factor in the O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} time bound, which was ...
In the special case of vector fields on three-dimensional Euclidean space, the hypersurface-orthogonal condition is equivalent to the complex lamellar condition, as seen by rewriting ω ∧ dω in terms of the Hodge star operator as ∗ ω, ∗dω , with ∗dω being the 1-form dual to the curl vector field.
In mathematics, a quadric or quadric hypersurface is the subspace of N-dimensional space defined by a polynomial equation of degree 2 over a field. Quadrics are fundamental examples in algebraic geometry. The theory is simplified by working in projective space rather than affine space. An example is the quadric surface =