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MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. MRSA is any strain of S. aureus that has developed (through natural selection) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
This test was recommended the standard by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute in 2004 for its use against MRSA. [3] Testing for inducible clindamycin resistance is typically performed in strains of Staphylococcus , β-hemolytic streptococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae that demonstrate erythromycin resistance and clindamycin ...
ST8:USA300 is a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that has emerged as a particularly antibiotic resistant epidemic that is responsible for rapidly progressive, fatal diseases including necrotizing pneumonia, severe sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. [1]
Because of the high level of resistance to penicillins and because of the potential for MRSA to develop resistance to vancomycin, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published guidelines Archived 2006-09-23 at the Wayback Machine for the appropriate use of vancomycin. In situations where the incidence of MRSA infections is ...
In clinical medicine, antibiotics are most frequently prescribed on the basis of a person's symptoms and medical guidelines.This method of antibiotic selection is called empiric therapy, [1] and it is based on knowledge about what bacteria cause an infection, and to what antibiotics bacteria may be sensitive or resistant. [1]
Agar diffusion was first used by Martinus Beijerinck in 1889 to study the effect of auxins on bacterial growth. However, the method has been developed, refined and standardized by many scientists and scientific organizations over the years including George F. Reddish, Norman Heatley, James G. Vincent, [8] Alfred W. Bauer, William M.M. Kirby, John C. Sherris, [4] [5] Hans Martin Ericsson, the ...
Essential features of a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory [1]. A biosafety level (BSL), or pathogen/protection level, is a set of biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed laboratory facility.
In these cases, clearance is almost synonymous with renal clearance or renal plasma clearance. Each substance has a specific clearance that depends on how the substance is handled by the nephron. Clearance is a function of 1) glomerular filtration , 2) secretion from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron , and 3) reabsorption from the ...
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