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  2. Echo suppression and cancellation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_suppression_and...

    The performance of an echo canceller is measured in echo return loss enhancement (ERLE), [3] [9] which is the amount of additional signal loss applied by the echo canceller. Most echo cancellers are able to apply 18 to 35 dB ERLE. The total signal loss of the echo (ACOM) is the sum of the ERL and ERLE. [9] [10]

  3. Exponential backoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff

    By increasing the ceiling there is an exponential reduction in probability of collision on each transmission attempt. At the same time, increasing the limit also exponentially increases the range of possible latency times for a transmission, leading to less deterministic performance and an increase in the average latency.

  4. Network delay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_delay

    A certain minimum level of delay is experienced by signals due to the time it takes to transmit a packet serially through a link. This delay is extended by more variable levels of delay due to network congestion. IP network delays can range from a few milliseconds to several hundred milliseconds.

  5. Network performance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_performance

    The speed of light imposes a minimum propagation time on all electromagnetic signals. It is not possible to reduce the latency below = / where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor).

  6. Packet loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_loss

    The Internet Control Message Protocol provides an echo functionality, where a special packet is transmitted that always produces a reply. Tools such as ping, traceroute, MTR and PathPing use this protocol to provide a visual representation of the path packets are taking, and to measure packet loss at each hop. [b]

  7. PACELC theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PACELC_theorem

    The tradeoff between availability, consistency and latency, as described by the PACELC theorem. In database theory, the PACELC theorem is an extension to the CAP theorem.It states that in case of network partitioning (P) in a distributed computer system, one has to choose between availability (A) and consistency (C) (as per the CAP theorem), but else (E), even when the system is running ...

  8. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Friday, December 13

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    We mean it. Read no further until you really want some clues or you've completely given up and want the answers ASAP. Get ready for all of today's NYT 'Connections’ hints and answers for #551 on ...

  9. Error correction code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction_code

    Long-latency connections also benefit; in the case of satellites orbiting distant planets, retransmission due to errors would create a delay of several hours. FEC is also widely used in modems and in cellular networks. FEC processing in a receiver may be applied to a digital bit stream or in the demodulation of a digitally modulated carrier.