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  2. Cori cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_cycle

    Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.

  3. Anaerobic glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_glycolysis

    The anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid) system is dominant from about 10–30 seconds during a maximal effort. It produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, [3] or about 5% of glucose's energy potential (38 ATP molecules). [4] [5] The speed at which ATP is produced is about 100 times that of oxidative phosphorylation. [1]

  4. Glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

    d -Glucose + 2 [NAD] + + 2 [ADP] + 2 [P] i 2 × Pyruvate 2 × + 2 [NADH] + 2 H + + 2 [ATP] + 2 H 2 O Glycolysis pathway overview The use of symbols in this equation makes it appear unbalanced with respect to oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges. Atom balance is maintained by the two phosphate (P i) groups: Each exists in the form of a hydrogen phosphate anion, dissociating to contribute ...

  5. Lactic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid

    The production of lactate from glucose (glucose → 2 lactate − + 2 H +), when viewed in isolation, releases two H +. The H + are absorbed in the production of ATP, but H + is subsequently released during hydrolysis of ATP: ATP 4− + H 2 O → ADP 3− + HPO 2− 4 + H + Once the production and use of ATP is included, the overall reaction is

  6. Lactic acid fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation

    Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.

  7. Gluconeogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis

    Lactate is transported back to the liver where it is converted into pyruvate by the Cori cycle using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate, the first designated substrate of the gluconeogenic pathway, can then be used to generate glucose. [9]

  8. Lactate shuttle hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_shuttle_hypothesis

    Prior to the formation of the lactate shuttle hypothesis, lactate had long been considered a byproduct resulting from glucose breakdown through glycolysis in times of anaerobic metabolism. [ 6 ] [ 3 ] As a means of regenerating oxidized NAD + , lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the cytosol , oxidizing NADH ...

  9. Fatty acid metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism

    [20] [22] [23] D-lactate metabolism (to glucose) is slow or impaired in humans, so most of the D-lactate is excreted in the urine; thus D-lactate derived from acetone can contribute significantly to the metabolic acidosis associated with ketosis or isopropanol intoxication. [20] L-Lactate can complete the net conversion of fatty acids into ...