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Abraham [a] (originally Abram) [b] is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [7] In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish; [c] [8] and in Islam, he is a link in the chain of Islamic ...
The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3 Rabi' I 64 AH (Sunday 31 October 683 CE), during the first siege of Mecca in 683 in the war between the Umayyads and 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, [81] an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ĘżAli and the consolidation of power by the Umayyads.
Abraham encountered several miracles of God during his lifetime. The Quran records a few main miracles, although different interpretations have been attributed to the passages. Some of the miracles recorded in the Quran are: Abraham was shown the kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth. [50] Abraham and the miracle of the birds. [31]
The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH. [4] The date Muhammad entered Mecca is variously given as 10, 17/18, 19 or 20 Ramadan 8 AH. [4] The conversion of these dates to the Julian calendar depends on what assumptions are made about the calendar in use in Mecca at the time.
William Gifford Palgrave was the first European to cross Arabia from west to east in 1862. [ 2 ] Charles Montagu Doughty travelled through Arabia from 1876 to 1878 living with the Bedouin tribes [ 3 ] and wrote a book Travels in Arabia Deserta in 1888.
Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its etymology is obscure. [24] Widely believed to be a synonym for Makkah, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the Ka'bah.
A camel caravan traveling to Mecca for the annual pilgrimage, c. 1910. The pilgrimage to Mecca is attested in some pre-Islamic Arabic poetry.Compared to Islamic-era poetry where the Hajj appears ubiquitously, only a small number of references are found to it in pre-Islamic poetry, indicating that its Arabian centrality was a development of Islamic times. [5]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 March 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date 622 ...