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Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts , typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.
William Coulson (1791-1865) was a mining engineer and master shaft sinker who was responsible for sinking more than 80 mine shafts in North East England along with others in Prussia and Austria. He was also notable for leading the rescue and recovery team after the Hartley Colliery disaster of 1862.
Sinking a dry shaft means that any water that flows into the excavation is pumped out to leave no significant standing or flowing water in the base of the shaft. When wet sinking a shaft the shaft is allowed to flood and the muck is excavated out of the base of the shaft underwater using a grab on the end of a crane or similar excavation method.
A bell pit was a type of coal mine in which coal found close to the surface was extracted by sinking a shaft and removing coal from around it until the roof became unstable. It was then abandoned and left to subside. [5] Bind. A term used in various areas to refer to shale, mudstone, clay or sandstone overlying the seam. Bituminous coal
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A fifth shaft was sunk in the Katzenbusch. In 1911, shaft 6, which went into operation as early as 1912, was excavated 600 m southeast of shaft 3/4. During the Second World War, the extraction requirements increased so that the sinking work for a central extraction shaft (shaft 7) was started. The above-day expansion of the shaft did not take ...
Upon sinking the first "No. 1" shaft, they encountered water at a depth of 438 ft (133 metres) and the shaft became flooded. [1] Lord Hatherton, who owned the land on which the colliery was constructed, sunk the "No. 2" shaft in 1899 which was completed to a depth of 1,622 ft (494 metres).
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