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A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i 2 = −1.
An imaginary number is the product of a real number and the imaginary unit i, [note 1] which is defined by its property i 2 = −1. [1] [2] The square of an imaginary number bi is −b 2. For example, 5i is an imaginary number, and its square is −25. The number zero is considered to be both real and imaginary. [3]
Complex analysis, traditionally known as the theory of functions of a complex variable, is the branch of mathematics that investigates functions of complex numbers.It is useful in many branches of mathematics, including number theory and applied mathematics; as well as in physics, including hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and electrical engineering.
In arithmetic, a complex-base system is a positional numeral system whose radix is an imaginary (proposed by Donald Knuth in 1955 [1] [2]) or complex number (proposed by S. Khmelnik in 1964 [3] and Walter F. Penney in 1965 [4] [5] [6]).
The method of equating coefficients is often used when dealing with complex numbers. For example, to divide the complex number a + bi by the complex number c + di , we postulate that the ratio equals the complex number e+fi , and we wish to find the values of the parameters e and f for which this is true.
In the real and complex numbers, addition and multiplication can be interchanged by the exponential function: [80] e a + b = e a e b . {\displaystyle e^{a+b}=e^{a}e^{b}.} This identity allows multiplication to be carried out by consulting a table of logarithms and computing addition by hand; it also enables multiplication on a slide rule .
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, an isolated singularity is one that has no other singularities close to it. In other words, a complex number z 0 is an isolated singularity of a function f if there exists an open disk D centered at z 0 such that f is holomorphic on D \ {z 0}, that is, on the set obtained from D by taking z 0 out.
In mathematics, the complexification of a vector space V over the field of real numbers (a "real vector space") yields a vector space V C over the complex number field, obtained by formally extending the scaling of vectors by real numbers to include their scaling ("multiplication") by complex numbers.
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