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The XSAVE mechanism can handle up to 63 state-components in this manner. State-components 0 and 1 (x87 and SSE, respectively) have fixed offsets and sizes - for state-components 2 to 62, their sizes, offsets and a few additional flags can be queried by executing CPUID with EAX=0Dh and ECX set to the index of the state-component. This will ...
While microarchitectural state can change to suit the needs of each processor implementation in a processor family, binary compatibility among processors in a processor family requires a common architectural state. Architectural state naturally does not include state-less elements of a computer such as busses and computation units (e.g., the ALU).
Instruction set extensions that have been added to the x86 instruction set in order to support hardware virtualization.These extensions provide instructions for entering and leaving a virtualized execution context and for loading virtual-machine control structures (VMCSs), which hold the state of the guest and host, along with fields which control processor behavior within the virtual machine.
This is done by defining a series of state-components, each with a size and offset within a given save area, and each corresponding to a subset of the state needed for one CPU extension or another. The EAX=0Dh CPUID leaf is used to provide information about which state-components the CPU supports and what their sizes/offsets are, so that the OS ...
However, the CPU is only capable of handling one process at a time. Processes that are ready for the CPU are kept in a queue for "ready" processes. Other processes that are waiting for an event to occur, such as loading information from a hard drive or waiting on an internet connection, are not in the ready queue.
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C2 (often known as Stop-Clock) is a state where the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up. This processor state is optional. C3 (often known as Sleep) is a state where the processor does not need to keep its cache coherent, but maintains other state. Some processors have variations on the C3 state (Deep ...
After getting his start on Wall Street as an intern to a legendary investor, Jim Rogers, Bessent worked at Brown Brothers Harriman before joining up with Jim Chanos, the short seller who correctly ...