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  2. Pascal's wager - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_wager

    The wise decision is to wager that God exists, since "If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing", meaning one can gain eternal life if God exists, but if not, one will be no worse off in death than if one had not believed. On the other hand, if you bet against God, win or lose, you either gain nothing or lose everything.

  3. The unexamined life is not worth living - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_unexamined_life_is_not...

    Socrates believed that a life devoid of introspection, self-reflection, and critical thinking is essentially meaningless and lacks value. This quote emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and questioning one's beliefs, actions, and purpose in life. [2]

  4. Univocity of being - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univocity_of_being

    In medieval disputes over the nature of God, many theologians and philosophers (such as Thomas Aquinas) held that when one says that "God is good" and that "man is good", man's goodness is only analogous to, i.e. similar to but distinct from, God's goodness.

  5. Existential nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_nihilism

    Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism, where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".

  6. Ontological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_argument

    But we cannot imagine something that is greater than God (for it is a contradiction to suppose that we can imagine a being greater than the being-than-which-none-greater-can-be-imagined.) Therefore, God exists. In Chapter 3, Anselm presents a further argument in the same vein: [23] By definition, God is a being than which none greater can be ...

  7. Five Ways (Aquinas) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)

    In Why There Almost Certainly Is a God: Doubting Dawkins, philosopher Keith Ward claims that Dawkins mis-stated the five ways, and thus responds with a straw man. For example, for the fifth Way, Dawkins places it in the same position for his criticism as the watchmaker analogy, when in fact, according to Ward, they are vastly different ...

  8. Meaning of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_of_life

    The first English use of the expression "meaning of life" appears in Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), book II chapter IX, "The Everlasting Yea". [1]Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.

  9. Theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodicy

    In the philosophy of religion, a theodicy (/ θ iː ˈ ɒ d ɪ s i /; meaning 'vindication of God', from Ancient Greek θεός theos, "god" and δίκη dikē, "justice") is an argument that attempts to resolve the problem of evil that arises when all power and all goodness are simultaneously ascribed to God.