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If a and b are rational numbers, the equation x 5 + ax + b = 0 is solvable by radicals if either its left-hand side is a product of polynomials of degree less than 5 with rational coefficients or there exist two rational numbers ℓ and m such that
With modern computers and programs, deciding whether a polynomial is solvable by radicals can be done for polynomials of degree greater than 100. [6] Computing the solutions in radicals of solvable polynomials requires huge computations. Even for the degree five, the expression of the solutions is so huge that it has no practical interest.
For polynomials in two or more variables, the degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of the variables in the term; the degree (sometimes called the total degree) of the polynomial is again the maximum of the degrees of all terms in the polynomial. For example, the polynomial x 2 y 2 + 3x 3 + 4y has degree 4, the same degree as the term x ...
If no such polynomial exists then the number is called transcendental. More generally the theory deals with algebraic independence of numbers. A set of numbers {α 1, α 2, …, α n} is called algebraically independent over a field K if there is no non-zero polynomial P in n variables with coefficients in K such that P(α 1, α 2, …, α n) = 0.
The polynomial 3x 2 − 5x + 4 is written in descending powers of x. The first term has coefficient 3, indeterminate x, and exponent 2. In the second term, the coefficient is −5. The third term is a constant. Because the degree of a non-zero polynomial is the largest degree of any one term, this polynomial has degree two. [11]
The Weierstrass approximation theorem states that for every continuous function f(x) defined on an interval [a,b], there exists a set of polynomial functions P n (x) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., each of degree at most n, that approximates f(x) with uniform convergence over [a,b] as n tends to infinity, that is,
If the degree of p and q are equal, the limit is the leading coefficient of p divided by the leading coefficient of q; If the degree of p is less than the degree of q, the limit is 0. If the limit at infinity exists, it represents a horizontal asymptote at y = L. Polynomials do not have horizontal asymptotes; such asymptotes may however occur ...
In this case, the product of the degrees of the polynomials may be much larger than the number of roots, and better bounds are useful. Multi-homogeneous Bézout theorem provides such a better bound when the unknowns may be split into several subsets such that the degree of each polynomial in each subset is lower than the total degree of the ...