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In mathematics, the common fixed point problem is the conjecture that for any two continuous functions which map the unit interval into itself and which commute under functional composition, there must be a point which is a fixed point of both functions.
The graphs G i may be taken as the induced subgraphs of the sets X i in the first definition of path decompositions, with two vertices in successive induced subgraphs being glued together when they are induced by the same vertex in G, and in the other direction one may recover the sets X i as the vertex sets of the graphs G i. The width of the ...
For example, the graph of y = x 2 − 4x + 7 can be obtained from the graph of y = x 2 by translating +2 units along the X axis and +3 units along Y axis. This is because the equation can also be written as y − 3 = (x − 2) 2. For many trigonometric functions, the parent function is usually a basic sin(x), cos(x), or tan(x).
The width of a node is the number of its parents, and the width of an ordered graph is the maximal width of its nodes. The induced graph of an ordered graph is obtained by adding some edges to an ordering graph, using the method outlined below. The induced width of an ordered graph is the width of its induced graph. [2] Given an ordered graph ...
Often, the problem is to decompose a graph into subgraphs isomorphic to a fixed graph; for instance, decomposing a complete graph into Hamiltonian cycles. Other problems specify a family of graphs into which a given graph should be decomposed, for instance, a family of cycles, or decomposing a complete graph K n into n − 1 specified trees ...
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
A graph formed from a given graph by deleting one vertex, especially in the context of the reconstruction conjecture. See also deck, the multiset of all cards of a graph. carving width Carving width is a notion of graph width analogous to branchwidth, but using hierarchical clusterings of vertices instead of hierarchical clusterings of edges.
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically, for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function. Any set of fixed points of a transformation is also an invariant set.