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The domestication of animals and plants was triggered by the climatic and environmental changes that occurred after the peak of the Last Glacial Maximum and which continue to this present day. These changes made obtaining food by hunting and gathering difficult. [12] The first animal to be domesticated was the dog at least 15,000 years ago. [1]
Domestication has been defined as "a sustained multi-generational, mutualistic relationship in which one organism assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another organism in order to secure a more predictable supply of a resource of interest, and through which the partner organism gains advantage over individuals that remain outside this relationship ...
The dog is a classic example of a domestic animal that likely traveled a commensal pathway into domestication. [2] [38] The dog was the first domesticant, and was domesticated and widely established across Eurasia before the end of the Pleistocene, well before cultivation or the domestication of other animals. [38]
Evidence suggested that "a massive genomic turnover" had occurred along with the domestication of horses and large-scale human population expansion in the Early Bronze Age. [36] Subsequent research showed that horse lineages from Iberia and Siberia, also associated with early domestication, had little influence on the genetics of modern ...
Archaeological evidence from various sites on the Iberian peninsula suggest the domestication of plants and animals between 6000 and 4500 BC. [54] The Céide Fields, located in Ireland consist of extensive tracts of land enclosed by stone walls, these walls date to 3500 BC and is the oldest known field systems in europe.
Some of the earliest domesticated animals included dogs (East Asia, about 15,000 years ago), [36] sheep, goats, cows, and pigs. Dromedary caravan in Algeria. West Asia was the source for many animals that could be domesticated, such as sheep, goats and pigs. This area was also the first region to domesticate the dromedary.
[12] [page needed] This burial of a human being with a domestic dog represents the earliest known archaeological evidence of dog domestication. [13] One of the female burials has disarranged body parts and gazelle horn-cores placed near the head, David Wengrow has used this as evidence for the deep-history animal-human composites. [14]
6800 BC – Rice domesticated in southeast Asia. 6500 BC – Evidence of cattle domestication in Turkey. [2] Some sources say this happened earlier in other parts of the world. 6001 BC – Archaeological evidence from various sites on the Iberian Peninsula suggest the domestication of plants and animals.