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Academic freedom of speech is therefore narrower than a general freedom of speech. For example, a non-academic has the freedom of speech to criticize the efficacy of vaccines, but only has academic freedom to do so if they possess the prerequisite academic qualifications to do so. Unlike public speech, academic speech is also subject to quality ...
The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech applies to students in the public schools. In the landmark decision Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the U.S. Supreme Court formally recognized that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate". [1]
English is not natively used as a first language, but, for official purposes, about 49% of the population is able to communicate in some form of English. [52] However, major regional languages like Punjabi (spoken by the majority of the population), Sindhi , Pashto , Saraiki , Hindko , Balochi , Brahui and Shina have no official status at the ...
John Stuart Mill. Philosophers from the earliest times have considered the question of liberty. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD) wrote: . a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the governed.
D.V. Coornhert, Synod on the Freedom of Conscience: A Thorough Examination during the Gathering Held in the Year 1582 in the City of Freetown English translation; Richard Joseph Cooke, Freedom of thought in religious teaching (1913) Lucas Swaine, "Freedom of Thought as a Basic Liberty," Political Theory, 46:3 (2018): 405–425.
[19] [20] Academic freedom pertains to the autonomy of academic community members to practice, develop, and communicate knowledge and ideas through research, teaching, dialogue, documentation, production, and writing either jointly or individually. Academic freedom calls for the independence of higher education entities. [21]
Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that held that the "Siman Act", a 1919 Nebraska law prohibiting minority languages as both the subject and medium of instruction in schools, violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. [1]
382-3 Formal conception of freedom; Buridan's Ass. 383 Idealism defines freedom. 385 Man's being is his own deed. 387 Predestination. 389-394 General possibility of evil and inversion of selfhood's place. 394 God's freedom. 396 Leibniz on laws of nature. 399 God is not a system, but a life; finite life in man. 402 God brought forward order from ...