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Satralizumab is indicated for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in adults with a particular antibody – people who are anti-aquaporin-4 or AQP4 antibody-positive. [6] [14] NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. [6]
Obinutuzumab has two black box warnings: hepatitis B reactivation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. [7] [5]In the clinical trial of obinutuzumab in combination with chlorambucil, participants experienced infusion reactions (69%; 21% grade 3/4), neutropenia (40%; 34% grade 3/4), thrombocytopenia (15%; 11% grade 3/4), anemia (12%), and pyrexia and cough (10% each).
Garetosmab is a fully human, experimental monoclonal antibody against activin-A.It has been tried in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and the manufacturer, Regeneron, also plans to test it in patients with obesity as an add-on to existing weight loss drugs such as GLP-1 agonists, in order to help patients maintain muscle mass during weight loss.
Sacituzumab govitecan is a conjugate of the humanized anti-Trop-2 monoclonal antibody linked with SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. [20] Each antibody having on average 7.6 molecules of SN-38 attached. [21] Linkage to an antibody allows the drug to specifically target cells expressing Trop-2.
Enfortumab vedotin, sold under the brand name Padcev, is an antibody-drug conjugate [6] used for the treatment of urothelial cancer. [4] [7] It is a nectin-4-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate. [4] [7] Enfortumab refers to the monoclonal antibody part, and vedotin refers to the payload drug (MMAE) and the linker. [5]
Anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies can be targeted against malignant cells by several mechanisms. Ramucirumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody and is used in the treatment of advanced malignancies. [18] In childhood lymphoma, phase I and II studies have found a positive effect of using antibody therapy. [19]
Cemiplimab, sold under the brand name Libtayo, is a monoclonal antibody medication for the treatment of squamous cell skin cancer. [7] [8] Cemiplimab belongs to a class of drugs that binds to the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
Nimotuzumab (h-R3, [2] BIOMAb EGFR, Biocon, India; [3] TheraCIM, CIMYM Biosciences, Canada; Theraloc, Oncoscience, Europe, CIMAher, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that as of 2014 had orphan status in the US and EU for glioma, and marketing approval in India, China, and other countries for squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and was ...