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Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside . [1] [2] The term can also refer more generally to any organic molecule that contains amino sugar substructures.
Aminoglycosides such as neomycin are known for their ability to bind to duplex RNA with high affinity. [31] The association constant for neomycin with A-site RNA is in the 10 9 M −1 range. [ 32 ] However, more than 50 years after its discovery, its DNA-binding properties were still unknown.
G418 (geneticin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1.It is produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea. [1] G418 blocks polypeptide synthesis by inhibiting the elongation step in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1]
Ribostamycin, along with other aminoglycosides with the DOS subunit, is an important broad-spectrum antibiotic with important use against human immunodeficiency virus [citation needed] and is considered a critically important antimicrobial by the World Health Organization., [3] [4] Resistance against aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as ...
Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')), also known as aminoglycoside kinase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the addition of phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of a 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycoside, such as kanamycin. [2]
Sisomicin is the most predictably active aminoglycoside against Gram-positive bacteria. [2] Like most other aminoglycosides, sisomicin is bactericidal for sensitive clinical isolates. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) have been found to be equivalent or very close to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). [ 3 ]
Hygromycin B was originally developed in the 1950s for use with animals and is still added into swine and chicken feed as an anthelmintic or anti-worming agent (product name: Hygromix). Hygromycin B is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, a bacterium isolated in 1953 from a soil sample. Resistance genes were discovered in the early 1980s. [2 ...
In enzymology, an aminoglycoside N6'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. acetyl-CoA + kanamycin-B CoA + N 6 '-acetylkanamycin-B. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and kanamycin B, whereas its two products are CoA and N6'-acetylkanamycin-B.