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  2. Drug development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_development

    Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may ...

  3. Drug design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_design

    The phrase "drug design" is similar to ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). [6] Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, and side effects, that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and effictive drug.

  4. Phases of clinical research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research

    For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. [1] Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.

  5. Lipinski's rule of five - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipinski's_Rule_of_Five

    Lipinski's rule of five, also known as Pfizer's rule of five or simply the rule of five (RO5), is a rule of thumb to evaluate druglikeness or determine if a chemical compound with a certain pharmacological or biological activity has chemical properties and physical properties that would likely make it an orally active drug in humans.

  6. Drug discovery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_discovery

    In the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. [1] Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin.

  7. Pharmaceutical formulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_formulation

    [5] Before administration, a lyophilized drug is reconstituted as a liquid before being administered. This is done by combining a liquid diluent with the freeze-dried powder, mixing, then injecting. Reconstitution usually requires a reconstitution and delivery system to ensure that the drug is correctly mixed and administered.

  8. Hit to lead - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_to_lead

    Hit to lead (H2L) also known as lead generation is a stage in early drug discovery where small molecule hits from a high throughput screen (HTS) are evaluated and undergo limited optimization to identify promising lead compounds.

  9. Drug pipeline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_pipeline

    The drug pipeline is also sometimes restricted to a particular drug class or extended to mean the process of discovering drugs (the research and development pipeline). [3] The R&D pipeline involves various phases that can broadly be grouped in 4 stages: discovery, pre-clinical, clinical trials and marketing (or post-approval).