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Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare type of interstitial cystitis first reported in 1960 by Edwin Brown. [1] Eosinophilic cystitis has been linked to a number of etiological factors, including allergies, bladder tumors, trauma to the bladder, parasitic infections, and chemotherapy drugs, though the exact cause of the condition is still unknown.
As polyps grow larger, they eventually prolapse into the nasal cavity, resulting in symptoms. [6] The most prominent symptoms of nasal polyps is blockage of the nasal passage. [ 7 ] People with nasal polyps due to aspirin intolerance often have a disease known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease , which consists of asthma and chronic ...
However, when the opening is obstructed due to inflammation, polyps, mucosal thickening, anatomical abnormalities, or other lesions, pressure equilibration is impossible. Squeeze is produced on descent when trapped air in the sinuses contracts and produces negative pressure.
The swelling of the vocal folds cause ballooned-like appearance, known as a polyp. The polyps of Reinke's edema are usually benign, however, there may be a risk of cancer if the patient is a smoker. Additionally, if the edema becomes too severe, patients may experience difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction. [2] [12]
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus.
Screening for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is crucial in male adolescents, while adult patients should be evaluated for carcinoma and lymphoma. Thornwaldt cysts should also be considered in differential diagnosis. Patients with adenoid hyperplasia alone should follow conservative therapy and off-label intranasal corticosteroids.
Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include production of thick nasal mucus, nasal congestion, facial congestion, facial pain, facial pressure, loss of smell, or fever. [6] [7] Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults.
[21] [7] Mild trauma, and constant irritation to the oral mucosa histologically manifests as acanthosis and hyperparakeratosis. This defensive thickening is a primary function of epithelium. Histopathologically, numerous papillary projections are usually covered by hyperplastic stratified squamous epithelium with or without chronic inflammation ...