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  2. Multi-stage flash distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-stage_flash_distillation

    The process goes through the following steps: When the plant is operating in steady state, feed water at the cold inlet temperature flows, or is pumped, through the heat exchangers in the stages and warms up. When it reaches the brine heater it already has nearly the maximum temperature. In the heater, an amount of additional heat is added.

  3. Multiple-effect distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-effect_distillation

    The pressure in a space cannot be in equilibrium with the temperatures of the walls of both subspaces. It has an intermediate pressure. Then the pressure is too low or the temperature too high in the first subspace, and the water evaporates. In the second subspace, the pressure is too high or the temperature too low, and the vapor condenses.

  4. Membrane distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_distillation

    Stage [2, 3, 4, x]: This process is replicated in further stages and each stage is at a lower pressure and temperature. Condenser: The vapour produced in the final evaporation–condensation stage is condensed in the condenser, using the coolant flow (e.g. seawater).

  5. Desalination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

    The desalination process's energy consumption depends on the water's salinity. Brackish water desalination requires less energy than seawater desalination. [82] The energy intensity of seawater desalination has improved: It is now about 3 kWh/m 3 (in 2018), down by a factor of 10 from 20-30 kWh/m 3 in 1970.

  6. Low-temperature distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-temperature_distillation

    Also, the effluent of existing sea water desalination plants can be treated further in a low temperature distillation to maximise the dewatering capacity of a desalination system. Low temperature distillation can accommodate variations in the plant load, running efficiently from 50 – 100% of plant design capacity depending on the available ...

  7. Vapor-compression desalination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor-compression_desalination

    The first method utilizes an ejector system motivated by steam at manometric pressure from an external source in order to recycle vapor from the desalination process. The form is designated ejectocompression or thermocompression. Using the second method, water vapor is compressed by means of a mechanical device, electrically driven in most cases.

  8. Flash evaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_evaporation

    The water is heated and then routed into a reduced-pressure flash evaporation "stage" where some of the water flashes into steam. This steam is subsequently condensed into salt-free water. The residual salty liquid from that first stage is introduced into a second flash evaporation stage at a pressure lower than the first stage pressure.

  9. Evaporator (marine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporator_(marine)

    As the use of vacuum reduces the vapour pressure, the seawater need only be raised to a temperature of 77 °C (171 °F). [ i ] Both evaporator and distiller are combined into a single chamber, although most plants use two joined chambers, worked in series.