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The cephalocaudal trend, or cephalocaudal gradient of growth, refers to the pattern of changing spatial proportions over time during growth.One example of this is the gradual change in head size relative to body size during human growth.
Gesell and his colleagues documented a set of behavioral norms that illustrate sequential & predictable patterns of growth and development. Gesell asserted that all children go through the same stages of development in the same sequence, although each child may move through these stages at their own rate [ 3 ] Gesell's Maturational Theory has ...
Like physical growth, motor development shows predictable patterns of cephalocaudal (head to foot) and proximodistal (torso to extremities) development, with movements at the head and in the more central areas coming under control before those of the lower part of the body or the hands and feet. [90]
Arm and hands are more developed than feet and legs (cephalocaudal development); hands appear large in proportion to other body parts. Legs may continue to appear bowed. "Baby fat" continues to appear on thighs, upper arms and neck. Feet appear flat as arch has not yet fully developed. Both eyes work in unison (true binocular coordination).
The Gesell Developmental Schedules claimed that an appraisal of the developmental status of infants and young children could be made. The Gesell Developmental Schedule believes that human development unfolds in stages, or in sequences over a given time period. These stages were considered milestones, or the manifestations of mental development. [1]
In Thelen's view behavior emerges as a pattern from all the streams that flow into the river of infant development. Or, as she wrote "The mind simply does not exist as something decoupled from the body and experience". [6] She suggested that an infant already has basic motor patterns at birth as demonstrated by stepping reflex and spontaneous ...
As a result of the cephalocaudal and lateral folding of the embryo, a portion of the endoderm-lined yolk sac cavity is incorporated into the embryo to form the primitive gut. In the cephalic and caudal parts of the embryo, the primitive gut forms a tube, the foregut and hindgut, respectively.
Sequential – certain motor patterns precede others. Cumulative – current movements are built on previous ones. Directional – cephalocaudal or proximodistal; Multifactorial – numerous-factors impact; Individual – dependent on each person; In the childhood stages of development, gender differences can greatly influence motor skills.