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Kinocilia are present in the crista ampullaris of the semicircular ducts and the sensory maculae of the utricle and saccule. [1] One kinocilium is the longest cilium located on the hair cell next to 40–70 stereocilia. During movement of the body, the hair cell is depolarized when the stereocilia move toward the kinocilium.
The reason for this difference is the orientation of the macula in the two organs. The utricular macula lie horizontal in the utricle, while the saccular macula lies vertical in the saccule. Every hair cell in these sensory beds consist of 40-70 stereocilia and a kinocilium . [ 2 ]
Stereocilia (or stereovilli or villi) are non-motile apical cell modifications. They are distinct from cilia and microvilli , but are closely related to microvilli. They form single "finger-like" projections that may be branched, with normal cell membrane characteristics.
Each hair cell of a macula has 40 to 70 stereocilia and one true cilium called a kinocilium. The stereocilia are oriented by the striola, a curved ridge that runs through the middle of the macula; in the saccule they are oriented away from the striola [2] The tips of the stereocilia and kinocilium are embedded in a gelatinous otolithic membrane ...
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Resembling hair-like projections, the stereocilia are arranged in bundles of 30–300. [3] Within the bundles the stereocilia are often lined up in several rows of increasing height, similar to a staircase. At the core of these hair-like stereocilia are rigid cross-linked actin filaments, which can renew every
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In mammalian outer hair cells, the varying receptor potential is converted to active vibrations of the cell body. This mechanical response to electrical signals is termed somatic electromotility; [13] it drives variations in the cell's length, synchronized to the incoming sound signal, and provides mechanical amplification by feedback to the traveling wave.