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Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Microhematuria, also called microscopic hematuria (both usually abbreviated as MH), is a medical condition in which urine contains small amounts of blood; the blood quantity is too low to change the color of the urine (otherwise, it is known as gross hematuria).
Most patients with thin basement membrane disease are incidentally discovered to have microscopic hematuria on urinalysis. The blood pressure, kidney function, and the urinary protein excretion are usually normal. Mild proteinuria (less than 1.5 g/day) and hypertension are seen in a small minority of patients.
Microscopic hematuria is sometimes observed in healthy people after exercise [98] or as a consequence of contamination of the sample with menstrual blood. [97] Pathologic causes of hematuria are diverse and include trauma to the urinary tract, kidney stones , urinary tract infections , drug toxicity , genitourinary cancers, and a variety of ...
Most patients present with both manifestations, but some present with loin pain or hematuria alone. Pain episodes are rarely associated with low-grade fever and dysuria, but urinary tract infection is not present. The major causes of flank pain and hematuria, such as nephrolithiasis and blood clot, are typically not present. Renal arteriography ...
Fluid builup in the lower legs, feet and hands—also known as pedal edema— occurs because the heart’s ability to pump blood is too weak, which causes the blood to settle and accumulate in tissue.
A 2018 Cochrane review of studies on men over 60 with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms analyzed the impacts of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) in comparison to other drugs. [90] These drugs may improve urinary symptoms slightly and reduce urinary bother but may also cause more side effects compared to placebo.
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