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The Pledge of Allegiance: A Revised History and Analysis, 1892–2007 (Free State Press, Inc.) ISBN 978-0-9650620-2-2 Excerpt, Chapter Eight: "Under God" and Other Questions About the Pledge. Ellis, Richard J. (2005). To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press) ISBN 0-7006-1372-2
The inventor of the Bellamy salute was James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of The Youth's Companion. [2] Bellamy recalled that Upham, upon reading the pledge, came into the posture of the salute, snapped his heels together, and said, "Now up there is the flag; I come to salute; as I say 'I pledge allegiance to my flag', I stretch out my right hand and keep it raised while I say the ...
Each day across America, in classrooms big and small, at city schools and rural ones students recite the pledge of allegiance. Let's go back in time: It's 1892 and Chicago is preparing for the ...
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment protects students from being forced to salute the American flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance in public school. [1] [2]
Vice President Kamala Harris appeared to botch the Pledge of Allegiance as the Senate was sworn in for the 119th Congress. “I pledge allegiance to the United States of America,” the vice ...
Republican U.S. Senate candidate Eric Hovde missed a line in the Pledge of Allegiance at a recent appearance at Slinger Speedway, skipping "one nation, under God" and going right to "indivisible."
Arguments against the pledge include that the pledge itself is incompatible with democracy and freedom, that it is a form of nationalistic indoctrination, that pledges of allegiance are features of current and former totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany, [1] and that the pledge was written to sell flags.
The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an oath of loyalty to the national flag and the republic of the United States of America, originally composed by Francis Bellamy in 1892. Pages in category "Pledge of Allegiance"