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Diagram of the six possible types of symbiotic relationship, from mutual benefit to mutual harm. The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [7] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens.
Photosynthetic plankton species associate with the symbiotes of dinoflagellates, diatoms, rhodophytes, chlorophytes, and cyanophytes that can be transferred both vertically and horizontally. [62] In Foraminifera, benthic species will either have a symbiotic relationship with Symbiodinium or retain the chloroplasts present in algal prey species ...
Elements of symbiote-related characters serve as inspiration for media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU): Exolon monks appear in the live-action film Guardians of the Galaxy as followers of Ronan the Accuser. [130] A Necrosword inspired by All-Black appears in the live-action film Thor: Ragnarok as Hela's primary weapon. [131]
Symbiotes Redtenbacher, 1847; Extinct genera and a species of Symbiotes are known from Eocene aged Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. [4] Members of the extinct genus Palaeosymbius are known from the Late Cretaceous Burmese amber from Myanmar. [5]
Symbiote may refer to: Symbiote (comics), a fictional alien species in Marvel Comics; Symbiont, an organism living in symbiosis with another;
Mutualism is a form of ectosymbiosis where both the host and parasitic species benefit from the interaction. There are many examples of mutualistic ectosymbiosis that occur in nature. One such relationship is between Branchiobdellida and crayfish in which the Branchiobdellida acts as a bacterial gut cleaner for the crayfish species. [10]
Little is known of the nature of the association (mode of infection, transmission, metabolic requirements, etc.) but phylogenetic analysis indicates that these symbionts belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria, relating them to Rhizobium and Thiobacillus. Other studies indicate that these subcuticular bacteria may be both abundant within their ...
Microbial symbiosis in marine animals was not discovered until 1981. [3] In the time following, symbiotic relationships between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria have been found in a variety of ecosystems, ranging from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea hydrothermal vents.