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Countries represented only by suborbital space flyers are shaded. Note: citizens from the now-defunct East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet Union have also flown in space. Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 48 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed.
The Shuttle–Mir program (Russian: Программа «Мир»–«Шаттл») [a] was a collaborative space program between Russia and the United States that involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the Shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to allow American astronauts to engage in long-duration ...
The resulting Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes called for a short joint space programme with one American astronaut deployed to the Russian space station Mir and two Russian cosmonauts deployed to a Space Shuttle. [17]
Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток, East or Orient) was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to reach orbital velocity around the Earth and to complete a full orbit around the Earth.
First person to float freely in microgravity. Vostok 3 / Vostok 4: 1962 December 14 USA First successful planetary flyby mission . Mariner 2: 1963 June 16 USSR First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova) First civilian in space Vostok 6: 1963 June 19 USSR First Mars flyby, although contact was lost Mars 1: 1963 July 19 USA
In 1961, Soviet Vostok 1 cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to enter space and orbit the Earth, and in 1969 American Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the Moon. No human has traveled beyond low Earth orbit since 1972, when the Apollo program ended.
The International Space Station is 26 years old. Born with Russia's launch of a Zarya power and propulsion module in 1998, the ISS today is comprised of 43 separate modules and other "elements ...
Official contacts between the Russian Empire and the new United States of America began in 1776. Russia, while formally neutral during the American Revolution (1765–1783), favored the U.S. [9] There was little trade or migration before the late 19th century. Formal diplomatic ties were established in 1809. [10]