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Platinum is a chemical element; it has symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish platina, a diminutive of plata "silver". [7] [8] Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of ...
The platinum-group metals (PGMs), also known as the platinoids, platinides, ... By 1815, rhodium and palladium had been discovered by William Hyde Wollaston, ...
The other metals discovered before the Scientific Revolution largely fit the pattern, except for high-melting platinum: Bismuth melts at 272 °C (521 °F) [21] Zinc melts at 420 °C (787 °F), [21] but importantly boils at 907 °C (1665 °F), a temperature below the melting point of silver. Consequently, at the temperatures needed to reduce ...
Wollaston discovered and isolated it from crude platinum samples from South America. [116] 53 Iodine: 1811 B. Courtois: 1811 B. Courtois Courtois discovered it in the ashes of seaweed. [117] The name iode was given in French by Gay-Lussac and published in 1813. [52] Davy gave it the English name iodine in 1814. [52] 3 Lithium: 1817 A. Arfwedson ...
Chemical analysis related to the process of purifying platinum led Wollaston to discover the elements palladium (symbol Pd) in 1802 and rhodium (symbol Rh) in 1804. [1] When Anders Gustav Ekeberg discovered tantalum in 1802 Wollaston declared the new element identical with niobium (then known as columbium).
Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded. [1] The demand for precious metals is driven not only by their practical use but also by their role as investments and a store of value. Historically, precious metals have commanded ...
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The only three verifications occurred in 1889, 1948, and 1989. For instance, the US owns five 90% platinum / 10% iridium (Pt‑10Ir) kilogram standards, two of which, K4 and K20, are from the original batch of 40 replicas distributed in 1884. [Note 4] The K20 prototype was designated as the primary national standard of mass for the US. Both of ...