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Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
There exist various approximation for typographic alignment. For example, justification may be emulated with inserting of spaces, and flush-right alignment may be done by padding with spaces. There are various techniques for approximation of tables (historically used for text mode displays), such as box-drawing characters.
Approximation is a key word generally employed within the title of a directive, for example the Trade Marks Directive of 16 December 2015 serves "to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks". [11] The European Commission describes approximation of law as "a unique obligation of membership in the European Union". [10]
When used with currency symbols that precede the number (national conventions differ), the tilde precedes the symbol, thus for example '~$10' means 'about ten dollars'. [29] [better source needed] The symbols ≈ (almost equal to) and ≅ (approximately equal to) are among the other symbols used to express approximation.
The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block (U+2980–U+29FF) contains miscellaneous mathematical symbols, including brackets, angles, and circle symbols. Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B [1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
English approximation Arabic letter/symbol Usual romanization Letter name A–B a [a] cat in British English, only approx. in American English, could also be realised as [æ] َ a, á, e فَتْحَة (fatḥah) aː [b] not exact, longer far, could also be realised as [æː] ـَا (ى at word end) ā, â, aa, a أَلِف (ʾalif)
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɰ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is M\. The consonant is absent in English, but may be approximated by making [ ɡ ] but with the tongue body lowered or [ w ] but with the lips apart.