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The earliest such representation is believed to originate in a 1954 book called Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching. [1] A pyramid model was supposedly developed by the National Training Laboratories Institute in the early 1960s, on its main campus in Bethel, Maine, for which the original, internal research is said to have been lost. [1]
Edgar Dale (April 27, 1900, in Benson, Minnesota, – March 8, 1985, in Columbus, Ohio) was an American educator who developed the Cone of Experience, also known as the Learning Pyramid. He made several contributions to audio and visual instruction, including a methodology for analyzing the content of motion pictures .
The model was used at Gordon Training International by its employee Noel Burch in the 1970s; there it was called the "four stages for learning any new skill". [5] Later the model was frequently attributed to Abraham Maslow , incorrectly since the model does not appear in his major works.
Bloom's taxonomy has become a widely adopted tool in education, influencing instructional design, assessment strategies, and learning outcomes across various disciplines. Despite its broad application, the taxonomy has also faced criticism, particularly regarding the hierarchical structure of cognitive skills and its implications for teaching ...
[11] [12] HighScope itself reports that for every tax dollar invested in the early care and education program, $7 are saved for taxpayers by the time the participant is 27 years old, $13 are saved for tax payers by the time the participant is 40 years old, and that there is a $16 total return including increased income to the participants.
The term of "curriculum hybridization" has been coined by early childhood researchers to describe the fusion of diverse curricular discourses [14] or approaches. [17] The ecological model of curriculum hybridization can be used to explain the cultural conflicts and fusion that may happen in developing or adapting curricula for pre-school. [16]
DIKW pyramid; Model of hierarchical complexity; In some organisations the term learning outcome is used in the part of a course description where aims are normally found. [5] [6] One can equate aims to intended learning outcomes and objectives to measured learning outcomes.
Early in this period, the child always searches in the same location for a hidden object (if the child has watched the hiding of an object). Later, the child will search in several locations. Passes toy to other hand when offered a second object (referred to as "crossing the midline" – an important neurological development).