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  2. Ashlar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashlar

    Ashlar is related but distinct from other stone masonry that is finely dressed but not quadrilateral, such as curvilinear and polygonal masonry. [3] [5] Ashlar may be coursed, which involves lengthy horizontal layers of stone blocks laid in parallel, and therefore with continuous horizontal joints. Ashlar may also be random, which involves ...

  3. Rubble masonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubble_masonry

    Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar . Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.

  4. Rustication (architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustication_(architecture)

    Rustication is a range of masonry techniques used in classical architecture giving visible surfaces a finish texture that contrasts with smooth, squared-block masonry called ashlar. The visible face of each individual block is cut back around the edges to make its size and placing very clear.

  5. Stonemasonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonemasonry

    Ashlar masonry. Stone masonry using dressed (cut) stones is known as ashlar masonry. [4] Trabeated systems. One of the oldest forms of stone construction uses a lintel (beam) laid across stone posts or columns. This method predates Stonehenge, and refined versions were used by the Egyptians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans. [4] Arch masonry.

  6. Masonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry

    Stone blocks used in masonry can be dressed or rough, though in both examples corners, door and window jambs, and similar areas are usually dressed. Stonemasonry utilizing dressed stones is known as ashlar masonry, whereas masonry using irregularly shaped stones is known as rubble masonry. Both rubble and ashlar masonry can be laid in coursed ...

  7. Inca architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_architecture

    Ashlar masonry was used in the most sacred, elite Incan structures; for example, the Acllawasi ("House of the Chosen Woman"), the Coricancha ("Golden Enclosure") in Cuzco, and the Sun Temple at Machu Picchu. Thus it seems that ashlar may have been more greatly valued by the Inca, perhaps considered more difficult than polygonal ("pillow-faced ...

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  9. Opus africanum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_africanum

    Opus africanum is a form of ashlar masonry used in Carthaginian and ancient Roman architecture, characterized by pillars of vertical blocks of stone alternating with horizontal blocks, filled in with smaller blocks in between. Its name derives from the Roman province of Africa, and is common in North Africa, but also found in Sicily and ...

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