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The rate of CSF formation in humans is about 0.3–0.4 ml per minute and the total CSF volume is 90–150 ml in adults. [2] Traditionally, CSF was evaluated mainly using invasive procedures such as lumbar puncture, myelographies, radioisotope studies, and intracranial pressure monitoring.
type 3, oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum with additional bands in CSF; type 4, identical oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum, type 5, monoclonal bands in CSF and serum, type 6, presence of a single band limited to the CSF. Type 2 and 3 indicate intrathecal synthesis, and the rest are considered as negative results (No MS).
co 2 = 22 pcr = 1.0 arterial blood gas: hco 3 − = 24 p a co 2 = 40 p a o 2 = 95 ph = 7.40 alveolar gas: p a co 2 = 36 p a o 2 = 105 a-a g = 10 other: ca = 9.5 mg 2+ = 2.0 po 4 = 1 ck = 55 be = −0.36 ag = 16 serum osmolarity/renal: pmo = 300 pco = 295 pog = 5 bun:cr = 20 urinalysis: una + = 80 ucl − = 100 uag = 5 fena = 0.95 uk + = 25 usg ...
Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin are present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. The normal CSF is clear and transparent fluid. The Pandy's reaction makes it translucent or opaque.
The CSF tap test, sometimes lumbar tap test or Miller Fisher Test, is a medical test that is used to decide whether shunting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) would be helpful in a patient with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
Lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal, most commonly to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing.
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CSF pressure, as measured by lumbar puncture, is 10–18 cmH 2 O (8–15 mmHg or 1.1–2 kPa) with the patient lying on the side and 20–30 cmH 2 O (16–24 mmHg or 2.1–3.2 kPa) with the patient sitting up. [30] In newborns, CSF pressure ranges from 8 to 10 cmH 2 O (4.4–7.3 mmHg or 0.78–0.98 kPa).