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Solar-cell efficiencies of laboratory-scale devices using these materials have increased from 3.8% in 2009 [3] to 25.7% in 2021 in single-junction architectures, [4] [5] and, in silicon-based tandem cells, to 29.8%, [4] [6] exceeding the maximum efficiency achieved in single-junction silicon solar cells. Perovskite solar cells have therefore ...
The main obstacle to viable tin perovskite solar cells is the instability of tin's oxidation state Sn 2+, which is easily oxidized to the stabler Sn 4+. [10] In solar cell research, this process is called self-doping, [11] because the Sn 4+ acts as a p-dopant and reduces solar cell efficiency.
However, the solar cells are prone to degradation due to volatility of the organic [CH 3 NH 3] + I − salt. The all-inorganic perovskite cesium lead iodide perovskite (CsPbI 3) circumvents this problem, but is itself phase-unstable, the low temperature solution methods of which have only been recently developed. [47]
Methylammonium lead halides (MALHs) are solid compounds with perovskite structure and a chemical formula of [CH 3 NH 3] + Pb 2+ (X −) 3, where X = Cl, Br or I. They have potential applications in solar cells, [2] lasers, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, radiation detectors, [3] [4] scintillator, [5] magneto-optical data storage [6] and ...
Other promising materials and technologies for indoor photovoltaics include thin-film materials, III-V light harvesters, organic photovoltaics (OPV), dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells. Thin-film materials, specifically CdTe, have displayed good performance under low light and diffuse conditions, with a band gap of 1.5 eV. [6]
Solar-cell efficiencies of laboratory-scale devices using these materials have increased from 3.8% in 2009 [125] to 25.7% in 2021 in single-junction architectures, [126] [127] and, in silicon-based tandem cells, to 29.8%, [126] [128] exceeding the maximum efficiency achieved in single-junction silicon solar cells. Perovskite solar cells have ...
Perovskite (pronunciation: / p ə ˈ r ɒ v s k aɪ t /) is a calcium titanium oxide mineral composed of calcium titanate (chemical formula Ca Ti O 3).Its name is also applied to the class of compounds which have the same type of crystal structure as CaTiO 3, known as the perovskite structure, which has a general chemical formula A 2+ B 4+ (X 2−) 3. [6]
Solar cell efficiency of perovskite solar cells have increased from 3.8% in 2009 [47] to 25.2% in 2020 in single-junction architectures, [48] and, in silicon-based tandem cells, to 29.1%, [48] exceeding the maximum efficiency achieved in single-junction silicon solar cells. [additional citation(s) needed]