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The Texas Pharmacy Association was formed as the Texas Pharmaceutical Association (TPA) in the May 1879 in the back of a pharmacy in Dallas, Texas.The name was updated in 1994 to incorporate the idea of pharmacy as a multidisciplinary field that combines a tangible drug product with an intangible cognitive service, which has been developed to be known as Medication Therapy Management.
Specific drugs, classes of drugs, formularies, or clinical practice guidelines may be specified to constrain the pharmacist's drug therapy management activities. [37] A method for monitoring compliance must be agreed upon. [37] The CPA must be renewed annually. [37] Illinois: CPAs are not regulated in Illinois.
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. [1] [2] Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics.
- education - preparation of drug order forms - prescription restrictions - change formula lists and/or manuals - change standard treatment guidelines - use another drug utilization review or continue with the current drug utilization review. f. Re-apply standard or criteria to databases and revise standard or criteria as needed. [7]
The concept was endorsed by American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and the American Association of College of Pharmacy (AACP) in 1991. [4] [5] In 1992, the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) followed suit. [6] In 1993, ASHP issued a statement in response to members seeking a standardized definition of pharmaceutical care. [7]
According to the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties, clinical pharmacists specializing in infectious diseases are trained in microbiology and pharmacology to develop, implement, and monitor drug regimens. These regimens incorporate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials for patients.
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Prescription drug monitoring programs, or PDMPs, are an example of one initiative proposed to alleviate effects of the opioid crisis. [1] The programs are designed to restrict prescription drug abuse by limiting a patient's ability to obtain similar prescriptions from multiple providers (i.e. “doctor shopping”) and reducing diversion of controlled substances.