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Complicating this is the fact that Marx's own ideas about the state changed as he grew older, differing in his early pre-communist phase, in the young Marx phase which predates the unsuccessful 1848 uprisings in Europe, and in his later work. Marx initially followed an evolutionary theory of the state.
Differential ground rent and absolute ground rent are concepts used by Karl Marx [1] in the third volume of Das Kapital [2] to explain how the capitalist mode of production would operate in agricultural production, [3] under the condition where most agricultural land was owned by a social class of land-owners [4] who could obtain rent income from farm production. [5]
Marx drank heavily after joining the Trier Tavern Club drinking society in the 1830s, and continued to do so until his death. [31] Marx was afflicted by poor health, what he himself described as "the wretchedness of existence", [196] and various authors have sought to describe and explain it. His biographer Werner Blumenberg attributed it to ...
Marxist scholar David Harvey explains Marx's primitive accumulation as a process which principally "entailed taking land, say, enclosing it, and expelling a resident population to create a landless proletariat, and then releasing the land into the privatized mainstream of capital accumulation". [5]
For Marx, what defined feudalism was the power of the ruling class (the aristocracy) in their control of arable land, leading to a class society based upon the exploitation of the peasants who farm these lands, typically under serfdom and principally by means of labour, produce and money rents. [55]
Along with Marx's contemporary writings on English politics and The Civil War in France, the Eighteenth Brumaire is a principal source for understanding Marx's theory of the capitalist state. [ 6 ] Marx's interpretation of Louis Bonaparte's rise and rule is of interest to later scholars studying the nature and meaning of fascism .
Marx further develops the idea of alienation, arguing that a worker is alienated in four ways: From the product he produces; From the act by which he produces this product; From his nature and himself; From other human beings; Marx starts with the fact that the more a worker produces, the more impoverished he becomes.
Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are works in philosophy that are strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory, or works written by Marxists.Marxist philosophy may be broadly divided into Western Marxism, which drew from various sources, and the official philosophy in the Soviet Union, which enforced a rigid reading of what Marx called dialectical materialism, in ...