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These models contrast theories of basic emotion, which propose that different emotions arise from separate neural systems. [10] Several dimensional models of emotion have been developed, though there are just a few that remain as the dominant models currently accepted by most. [11]
Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions.For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust.
The James–Lange theory (1964) is a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions and is one of the earliest theories of emotion within modern psychology. It was developed by philosopher John Dewey and named for two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange (see modern criticism for more on the theory's origin).
Additionally, various anger scales draw on different perspectives, such as cognitive processes of anger rumination, [101] anger as behavioral and cognitive responses to avoidance, assertion, and social support, [102] cognitive and emotional aspects of irritability, [103] functional and dysfunctional responses and goal-oriented behavior in ...
Plutchik also created a wheel of emotions to illustrate different emotions. Plutchik first proposed his cone-shaped model (3D) or the wheel model (2D) in 1980 to describe how emotions were related. He suggested eight primary bipolar emotions: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation.
People can also provide positive or negative sanctions directed at Self or other which also trigger different emotional experiences in individuals. Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience.
The theory of constructed emotion (formerly the conceptual act model of emotion [1]) is a theory in affective science proposed by Lisa Feldman Barrett to explain the experience and perception of emotion. [2] [3] The theory posits that instances of emotion are constructed predictively by the brain in the moment as needed.
The significant theories of emotion can be divided into three primary categories: physiological, [5] neurological, [6] and cognitive. [7] Physiological theories imply that activity within the body can be accountable for emotions. [8] Neurological theories suggest that activity within the brain leads to emotional responses. [6]